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Advanced Course II

Galaxy & Galaxies, ISM


Part 1, Simon White, Matthias Bartelmann:

  • N-body equations, virial Theorems, applications, Distribution functions, Liouville/Vlasov equations, 2-body, relaxation Jeans's moment equations, applications
  • Applications of Jeans's equations to local disk structure, Jean's theorem, integrals of motion, orbits, phase mixing, entropy, Model galaxies, Abel/Eddington inversions.
  • Local star motions, secular/statistical parallax, thick/thin disks, Galactic rotation, rotation systematics of galaxies, maximal disks, Epicyclic orbits, disk thickening, Jeans instability
  • Winding problems for spirals, kinematic and transient spirals, Linblad resonances, Lin-Shu theory for gas and star disks, Toomre stability, swing amplifiers, bars, observed instability, modes
  • Lensing by point masses, microlensing, Machos, Strong lensing. masses determinations, H_0 measures, grav.telescopes Weak lensing, mass mapping, cosmic shear
  • Simulations, Poisson-solvers, integrators, uses and limitations, Instabilities, interactions, mergers, star/galaxy clusters, Cosmic structure formation, violent relaxation
  • Roche problem, stripping, tidal shocking, harassment, tidal, streams Dynamical friction, mass segregation, cD formation, Fokker-Planck equ., soft/hard binaries, star cluster evolution
  • Galaxy luminosity functions, estimation methods, V/Vmax and, evolution Star formation estimators, star formation modes, Population synthesis techniques, degeneracies
  • Models for the Milky Way's formation. Dating techniques, Hierarchical structure formation, scaling laws, angular momentum, Disk formation, timing arguments for the Local Group mass.

Part 2a, Hans Boehringer:

  • Overview, inventory, structure

    The components of the ISM, thermal equilibrium, two - and three phase medium models, observational, possibilities, ISM in other galaxies
  • Radiation, Cooling and Heating

    Radiation processes from infra-red to X-rays, photoionization, cooling, line diagnostics, X-ray spectroscopy, the spectral, signature of H II regions, shocks, the hot ISM, the local Bubble, and star bursts
  • Hydrodynamics and Supernova remnant evolution

    Shock waves, supernova explosions, evolution of a blast wave, R-T-instabilities, diagnostics of supernova remnants, superbubbles
  • Interstellar clouds

    Cloud structure and stability, physical conditions of clouds, cloud collaps and fragmentation, molecular line diagnostics, star formation regions
  • Chemical evolution of the ISM and the Galaxy

    Nucleosynthesis and heavy element enrichment, supernova yields, metallicity age relation, element abundances in other galaxies, chemical evolution models, heavy element abundances in the, intergalatic medium in clusters and absorption line systems

Part 2b, Dieter Breitschwerdt:

  • Non-thermal ISM components

    Basic Plasma Physics (excluding stuff presented by Simon and Ralf), Debye length, plasma frequency, Magnetic Fields (MFs) as a component of the ISM (no observations), Basic MHD: magnetic pressure, magnetic tension, flux, freezing and magnetic diffusion, Alfven waves, magnetosonic waves

    Cosmic Rays (CRs) as a component of the ISM, CR spectrum, CR clocks, grammage, interaction of CRs with ISM: spallation, gamma-ray, production (e.g. in molecular clouds), CR propagation: diffusion and advection (``leaky box'' Model), CR acceleration: 1st (and 2nd) order Fermi mechanism
  • Dynamical Processes in the ISM

    Gas Dynamics and Application to Astrophysical Objects, Stellar winds, Superbubbles (SNRs by Hans - Hypernovae?), HII Regions (e.g. ionization fronts), Physics of Jets

    Instabilities (Perturbation analysis method explained by Simon), Linearized Equations, Rayleigh-Taylor Instability, Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Parker Instability